Wednesday, December 22, 2021
Aarya returns
Saturday, December 4, 2021
মন্দার.....অসাধারনের মাঝে সাধারন
যেটা হওয়ার কথা ছিল অনন্যসাধারণ, সেটা সাধারণ আর অসাধারণের মাঝে ঝুলে রইল। কিন্তু এরকম তো হওয়ার ছিল না। সমস্ত উপাদান তো মজুত ছিল। কিন্তু মন তো ভরল না পুরো। কোথায় যেন গণ্ডগোল থেকে গেল। অনির্বাণ ভট্টাচার্য পরিচালক বলে কি প্রত্যাশাটা খুব বেড়ে গেছিল? ব্যাপারটা কি অন্যরকম কিছু হবে ভেবেছিলাম? খানিকটা যে তাই তা বলাই বাহুল্য। অভিনেতা অনির্বাণের প্রথম পরিচালনা দেখার আগ্রহ যথেষ্ট ছিল। তাহলে তো আগে দেখতে হয় পরিচালক অনির্বাণ কি করেছেন।
পুরোটা সংক্ষেপে বোঝাতে হলে বলতে হবে মাৎ করে দিয়েছেন। প্রেক্ষাপট নির্বাচন, চরিত্র নির্বাচন, ভাষার নির্বাচন - এগুলো তো বটেই কিন্তু এদের মধ্যে সাযুজ্য বজায় রাখার সামগ্রিক নিষ্ঠা সমসাময়িক যুগের বিচারে অতুলনীয়। অভিনেতাদের নিজস্ব অভিনয় ক্ষমতা সম্বন্ধে কোনোরকম মন্তব্য না করেও চয়ন দেখে যেন মনে হয় তাঁদের জন্যই চরিত্রগুলো গড়া। চিত্রায়ণে সৌমিক হালদার এক অনন্য মাত্রা দিয়েছেন সমস্ত উপস্থাপনাটিকে। কাহিনীর প্লট অনুযায়ী ড্রোন শট হোক কি চেহারার ক্লোজ আপ, প্রায় প্রত্যেকটি শট নির্ভুলভাবে ফুটিয়ে তুলেছে প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যের মাঝে মানবজাতির কদর্য বাস্তব। হিংসার তাড়না, প্রতিহিংসার উল্লাস, লালসার বিভৎসতা, মানসিক বিকৃতি, ইত্যাদি বিভিন্ন প্রবৃত্তির বর্বর রূপ ও ঘটনার রূপকারদের চারিত্রিক বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশকে নির্ভুল অথচ শিল্পের অনবদ্য আঙ্গিকে ধরা হয়েছে। চিত্রের ভারসাম্য বজায় রেখে সমকৃতিত্ব দাবী করে সোমনাথ কুণ্ডুর সাজসজ্জা বিভাগ।
ম্যাকবেথ অবলম্বনে তৈরি মন্দারের পটভূমি গেইলপুর নামক এক সৈকত নগর। সেখানকার বাসিন্দাদের অধিকাংশ মৎস্যজীবি সম্প্রদায়ভুক্ত। গোষ্ঠীর ব্যাবসার দিকটা চলে তাদের সর্দার ডাবলুভাইএর (কিং ডানকান) নেতৃত্বে। কঠিন হাতে কর্তৃত্ব জারি রাখতে খুন-জখম-ত্রাসসঞ্চার করার অন্ধকার দিকটা দেখার জন্য তার ভরসার লোক মন্দার (ম্যাকবেথ) ও বঙ্কা (ব্যাঙ্কো)। ক্রুরতা ও রহস্যে ঘেরা কিছু ঘটনার স্রোত এদের তিনজনের মনে আশঙ্কা-সন্দেহ-লালসার বীজ বপন করে দিল। তারপর শুরু হলো ক্ষমতা কায়েম ও প্রতিহিংসার এক রক্তাক্ত অধ্যায়। অবিশ্বাস ও স্বার্থপরতার এক অন্ধকার লড়াইয়ে প্রাণের মূল্য হয়ে গেল গৌণ। ভাগ্যের পরিহাসে রাজার আসন দখলের আকাঙ্খায় বন্ধু হয়ে পড়ল শত্রু, শক্তির মত্ততায় পরমাত্মীয় হেলায় নেমে গেল ব্যাভিচারের অতলে। লালসার এই ঘৃণ্য আসর ম্যাকবেথের পঞ্চ অঙ্কের মতোই পাঁচ পর্বে সমাপ্ত। শেক্সপিয়রের অনুপ্রেরণায় রুদ্ররূপ মুখোপাধ্যায়, প্রতীক দত্ত ও পরিচালকের নিজের কলমের ফসল এই কাহিনীর গতিময়তা ও শ্বাসরোধকারী মুহুর্তগুলো প্রতীকবাবুর ঠাসবুনট চিত্রনাট্যে প্রায় অধিকাংশক্ষেত্রেই হয়ে উঠেছে এক ভয়াল বাস্তবের প্রতিবিম্ব।
অভিনয়তে মুখ্য চরিত্র বাদ দিয়েও পার্শ্বচরিত্রে লোকনাথ দে (মদন) ও শঙ্কর দেবনাথ (বঙ্কা) অসাধারন। সোহিনী সরকারও (লাইলি) একাধারে অসহায়, আবার পরক্ষণেই নির্মম চরিত্রে কঠিন ও সুন্দর। কিন্তু সবাইকে ছাপিয়ে দেবেশ রায়চৌধুরী (ডাবলুভাই) ও দেবাশিস মণ্ডল (মন্দার) দুই মুখ্য ভূমিকায় অনবদ্য। চরিত্রদের সাথে একাত্ম হয়ে পড়া এই দুজনের অভিনয় মান নিয়ে যে কোনো প্রকারের তারিফই কম শুনতে লাগবে। বিপরীতে অনির্বাণ (মুকদ্দর মুখার্জি) নিজে প্রয়োজনের অধিক মৃয়মান।
এবার তাহলে প্রশ্ন জাগতেই পারে যে এতকিছুর পর সমস্যার কথাটা উল্লেখ করলাম কেন? করলাম তিনটি প্রধান কারণে যেগুলো ব্যক্তিগতভাবে আমার কাছে ঠিক লাগেনি। প্রথমত, চরিত্রদের নীচ মনোবৃত্তি বোঝানোর জন্য অশ্লীলতা পরিবেশনার মধ্যে যদি কিছুটা অন্যরকম কিছু করে দেখানো যেতো তাহলে বলতাম যে নতুন কিছু দেখলাম। সেখানে নতুন দেখলাম বটে, তবে তা শিল্পগুণে অত্যন্ত সাধারণ বললেও অত্যুক্তি হবে। দ্বিতীয়ত, সংজ্ঞা অনুযায়ী এটি ওয়েব সিরিজ। তাহলে নাটকীয়তার আধিক্য থাকাটা অনুচিত। থাকলে সেটা বেশ অস্বস্তিকর লাগে। মন্দারের মশারী জড়িয়ে জালে পড়ে যাওয়া প্রভৃতি দৃশ্য শিল্প হিসেবে উচ্চ মানের হতেই পারে, কিন্তু এরকম কিছু নাটকীয়তার প্রাবল্য ছোটোপর্দার দৃশ্য হিসেবে বিসদৃশ্য ও দৃশ্যের ধারাবাহিকতাকে হঠাৎ করে যেন অকারণ অস্বাভাবিকতার প্রলেপ দিয়ে দৃশ্যের মান সাধারন করে দিয়েছে। তৃতীয় হচ্ছে বিষয়। কয়েকটি চলচ্চিত্রের উল্লেখ করে জিনিসটা বোঝানোর চেষ্টা করব। একটি হলিউডি, দুটি বলিউডি ও দুটি টলিউডি। শেক্সপীয়রের 'ম্যাকবেথ' অনুসরণে বিশাল ভরদ্বাজের 'মকবুল', 'জুলিয়াস সিজার' ও 'অ্যাণ্টনি অ্যাণ্ড ক্লিওপেট্রা' অবলম্বনে সৃজিত মুখার্জির জুলফিকর (অনির্বাণ যার কিছু ঝলক ব্যবহার করেছেন প্রায় সমান্তরাল এক পরিস্থিতিতে), 'হ্যামলেট' অনুসরণে অঞ্জন দত্তের 'হেমন্ত', 'ওথেলো' অবলম্বনে বিশাল ভরদ্বাজের 'ওমকারা' ও টিম ব্লেক নেলসনের 'ও'। আশ্চর্যভাবে অঞ্জন দত্তেরটা বাদ দিয়ে বাকি তিনটি ভারতীয় সংস্করণ সমাজবিরোহীদের অন্ধকার জগতের প্রেক্ষাপটে রচিত। কিন্তু এই প্রলোভনের হাতছানি এড়িয়ে বেশ অদ্ভুতভাবে নেলসন নির্মিত আধুনিক ওথেলো মানুষের অন্ধকার দিকটা দেখিয়েছেন আপাত শিক্ষিত সমাজের প্রেক্ষিতে এবং তাই হয়ে উঠেছে মৌলিকতায় ভাস্বর। অঞ্জন দত্ত চেষ্টা করেছিলেন কিন্তু তাঁরটাও প্রতিশোধের প্রেক্ষিতে প্রায়ান্ধকার পরিবেশে পর্যবসিত। তবে কি হলিউড শুধু শিখিয়েই যাবে আর আমরা শিখেই যাব? হিংসা-প্রতিশোধ মানেই যে অন্ধকার জগত নয় সেটা কবে বুঝব? আইনের হাত এড়িয়ে অন্যায়ের শাস্তি বোধহয় শেক্সপীয়র চাননি। 'ম্যাকবেথ' পড়া থাকলে ও 'মকবুল' দেখা থাকলে 'মন্দার'-এ নতুন কিছু নেই। এখানেই খেদ! সমকালীন যুগে অনির্বাণ এক আলাদা মাপের অভিনেতা। সেকারণে তাঁর থেকে পরিচালনাটা আরো মৌলিক চেয়েছিলাম। পেলাম না, তবে অপেক্ষা করব ভবিষ্যতের চাকার মাহেন্দ্রক্ষণটির জন্য।
Friday, November 26, 2021
Goliath......the last duel
Saturday, November 20, 2021
Special Ops 1.5 .... gallantry has a new name
Thursday, November 18, 2021
অদ্বিতীয় ব্যোমকেশ
হইচইয়ে এই মাসে সৌমিক হালদার পরিচালিত ব্যোমকেশ ওয়েব সিরিজের সপ্তম সিজন প্রদর্শিত হল। খুব আগ্রহ সহকারে দেখলাম। শরদিন্দু বন্দোপাধ্যায় রচিত চোরাবালি গল্প অবলম্বনে সৌগত বসুর গতিময় চিত্রনাট্য শৌভিক বসুর নিপুণ চিত্রায়নে এক শৈল্পিক আঙ্গিকে পরিবেশিত হয়েছে। তার সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে অনির্বাণ ভট্টাচার্যের বুদ্ধিদীপ্ত অভিনয় ব্যোমকেশের চরিত্রে। অজিতের চরিত্রে সুপ্রভাত দাস সাথে সাথে চতুর্থ সিজন থেকে সুব্রত দত্তের পরিবর্ত হিসেবে কাজ করছেন কিন্তু দুজনেই চরিত্রটির স্বাভাবিক ব্যক্তিত্ব অত্যন্ত আশ্চর্যভাবে সমরূপে ধরে রেখেছেন যা অবশ্যই কৃতিত্বের দাবী করে। বিপরীতে সত্যবতী চরিত্রে রিদ্ধিমা ঘোষ যোগ্য সঙ্গত রেখেছেন মুখ্য ব্যক্তিত্বের সাথে। পার্শ্বচরিত্রগুলির মধ্যে অর্জুন চক্রবর্তী বোধহয় হিমাংশু চরিত্রের শিকারী সত্ত্বার সাথে অতিমাত্রায় একাত্ম হতে গিয়ে খানিকটা আড়ষ্ট হয়ে পড়েছেন আর কিঞ্জল নন্দ হিমাংশুর বন্ধু কুমার ত্রিদিবের বন্ধুবৎসল জমিদারী ব্যক্তিত্বের সাথে মিশে থেকেও মাত্রাতিরিক্ত গম্ভীর। তবে দেওয়ান কালিগতির ভূমিকায় চন্দন সেন অনবদ্য। সামগ্রিকভাবে বলতে গেলে স্বীকার করতেই হবে এবারের পরিবেশনাটিও বাকিগুলির মতোই আকর্ষণীয় এবং তাদের মতোই অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রে পরিমিতি বোধের ছাপ রেখে পরিণতবয়স্কদের প্রসঙ্গ অবতারণা করলেও পরিচ্ছন্ন।
সমস্যা হচ্ছে পরিমিতি বোধটা অধিকাংশ জায়গায় থাকলেও পুরোপুরি থাকেনি। গল্পের গোয়েন্দা চরিত্রের মধ্যে আমার কাছে ব্যোমকেশ উপরের সারিতে থাকবে। তাই তাকে নিয়ে বেশি পরীক্ষা নিরীক্ষা করতে দেখলে ঠিক মনে হয় না। সায়ন্তন ঘোষাল পরিচালিত প্রথম সিজনে দুটি গল্পকে সমান্তরালে পরিবেশন করা হয়েছিল। সত্যান্বেষীর সাথে পথের কাঁটা, অর্থমনর্থমের সাথে মাকড়সার রস, বিষয় অথবা চরিত্রদের সামঞ্জস্য ব্যবহার করে একসাথে দুটি প্লটকে এগিয়ে নিয়ে গিয়ে এক অভিনবত্বের সুচনা করেছিলেন পরিচালক। ভালো লেগেছিল। একই ভাবনার ব্যবহার পঞ্চম সিজনে দেখা গেছিল। পরিচালনার দায়িত্বে ছিলেন এই সিজনেরই পরিচালক। বাঙলার কুখ্যাত মন্বন্তরের পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে দুষ্টচক্র ও খুঁজি খুঁজি নারি উপস্থাপনা করা হয়েছিল। এবারের দুটি পর্বের মতোই সেবারও পর্বের সংখ্যা ছিল এক জোড়া। ষষ্ঠ সিজনে পেলাম মগ্ন মৈনাক যা আমার মতে এখনও পর্যন্ত শ্রেষ্ঠ। কিন্তু পঞ্চম সিজন থেকেই ব্যোমকেশের মধ্যে সমাজের অসহায়তার প্রতি একটা রাগ-দুঃখ-অভিমান পরিস্ফুট হতে দেখা গেল যা শুধুমাত্র তার কাজের মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ থাকে না, অন্যের সাথে কথাবার্তায় বেরিয়ে পড়তে লাগল, আর বেরোতে লাগল তার কাব্যিক সত্ত্বা। ব্যোমকেশ যেন আলাদা হয়ে গেল। কিন্তু সেটার জন্য এই অতিনাটকীয়তার পরিবেশ অপ্রয়োজনীয়। কারণ ব্যোমকেশের গোয়েন্দাদের আবশ্যিক শর্তের মধ্যে পর্যবেক্ষণ ক্ষমতা যেমন তীক্ষ্ণ তেমনি বিশ্লেষণ ক্ষমতাও তীব্র। কিন্তু এসবের উপর অসাধারন দক্ষতা থাকা সত্ত্বেও তার অন্যান্য গোয়েন্দাদের থেকে স্বতন্ত্র থাকার প্রধান কারণ তার সত্যের অনুসন্ধানের প্রতি একনিষ্ঠতা। তার আবেগ হচ্ছে সত্যকে জানার আবেগ, এতেই তার প্রধান সন্তুষ্টি, এটাই তার আসক্তি, সত্যকে জানার লক্ষে সে অবিচল। সে অবশ্যই সংসারী হতে পারে, পারিপার্শ্বিকতার অসহায়তা তার মনকে করুণ করতেই পারে। কিন্তু আমার মতে, সে এগুলোর প্রকাশ কারুর সমক্ষে করবে না। তার কষ্ট, বেদনা হবে তার একান্ত আপনার। যা অজিতের সাহিত্যিক মনকে সহজে নাড়া দিতে পারবে বা সত্যবতীর নারীহৃদয়কে সহজেই স্পর্শ করবে, সেই একই ব্যাপার ব্যোমকেশের যুক্তিবাদী মনকে তার মূলে অনুসন্ধান করতে প্ররোচিত করবে আর যদি সে বুঝতে পারে যেই সমস্যার সমাধানে তার অসহায়তা, সে অস্থির হবে, কিন্তু সে থাকবে নিরব কারণ বৃথা আলোচনার দ্বারা যে কিছু হওয়ার নয় সেটা অন্যেরা না বুঝলেও সে অবশ্যই বোঝে। সমাজের তথা সামাজিক জীবের মনস্তত্ত্ব যার নখদর্পণে, সেই হবে অজিত ও সত্যবতীর মানসিক সহায় কারণ উপযুক্ত শ্রোতা যদি ধৈর্য সহকারে অসহায়তার মনস্তত্ত্ব বুঝতে আগ্রহী হয় তাহলে তার থেকে বিচক্ষণ শিক্ষকের জুড়ি মেলা ভার। সংসারী ব্যোমকেশের সাংসারিক জীবনে সাহিত্যের বাহ্যিক প্রকাশের জন্য অজিত উপস্থিত, আছে সত্যবতীর মতো বুদ্ধিমতি শিক্ষানুরাগী স্ত্রী, কিন্তু সত্যান্বষণের পথে নিবেদিত হৃদয়, ব্যোমকেশের প্রাণে সাহিত্য সঞ্চার প্রয়োজন না থাকলে অনভিপ্রেত।
এত কথা বলছি এই কারণেই যে এই সিরিজগুলি পরিবেশনায় অন্যান্য অনেক ব্যোমকেশের চিত্রায়িত উপস্থাপনার থেকে শুধুমাত্র তার পরিমিতি বোধের কারণে আকর্ষণীয় এবং স্বতন্ত্রতায় উজ্জ্বল। সিজনগুলির পরিচালকদের মধ্যে উল্লেখিত দুজন ছাড়াও সৌমিক চট্টোপাধ্যায়ও একই ধারা বজায় রেখেছেন যা অবশ্যই আন্তরিক অভিনন্দনের অধিকারী। তাই সবার থেকে আলাদা বহু প্রতিক্ষিত এই সিজনগুলির এই ত্রুটিটুকু না থাকলে সিরিজটি সর্বতোভাবে সুন্দর হতে পারবে।
সপ্তম সিজনে ফিরে এসে দুটো সমস্যার উপর আলোকপাত করতে চাই। প্রথমত, শরদিন্দু বর্ণিত হিমাংশু প্রকৃতিতে উদার ছিলেন। তাকে অমলিন করে দিয়ে খুব কি লাভ হলো? উপরন্তু তার প্রতি ব্যোমকেশ নির্ধারিত শাস্তির মাত্রা বিচারককে তার প্রকৃতিবিরুদ্ধ করে দিয়েছে। দ্বিতীয়ত, শিকারপ্রিয় হিমাংশুকে যদি সর্বক্ষণ শিকারীর পোষাকে দেখা যায়, সেটাও দৃষ্টিকটু লাগে!
এই মুহুর্তে অপ্রাসঙ্গিক লাগলেও আরেকটি ব্যাপার স্মরণ করিয়ে দিতে চাই। বাঙলা রহস্য রোমাঞ্চ সাহিত্যে শরদিন্দু ও সত্যজিৎ দুই বলিষ্ঠ রূপকার। শরদিন্দুর সৃষ্ট ব্যোমকেশ ও সত্যজিতের কল্পনার ফেলুদা অমর হয়ে আছে তাদের নিজস্বতায়। এই সিজনের একটি দৃশ্যে ছোট্ট বেবির সাথে ব্যোমকেশের পরিচয় এবং আলাপ জয় বাবা ফেলুনাথে চিত্রায়িত ফেলুদার সাথে রুকুর পরিচয়পর্ব স্মরণ করায়। দৃশ্যটির অবতারণা অনাবশ্যক এবং পরবর্তী পর্যায়ে রায়পরিবার নিয়ে আলোচনা ভীষন ভাবে কৃত্রিম। শরদিন্দু আর সত্যজিত যে যার আপন সৃষ্টির মধ্যেই উজ্জ্বল। তাদের সেরকমভাবে মনে রাখাই শ্রেয়।
Friday, November 12, 2021
City of Dreams.... and nightmares!
The 2nd season of City of Dreams sees the one time influencer of state politics, Amey Rao Gaikwad, recuperating from his injuries while silently plotting revenge on his daughter, Poornima, who ousted the veteran from his position in a desperate yet justly brutal move that left Amey both devastated and furious. But his comeback seemed to be not so smooth as the determination of Poornima keeps him one step behind at several instances. But for the daughter too, the consolidation of her supreme position seems to be much at risk as her personal life is tottering with a separated husband, estranged son, treacherous ambience, moles, a couple of scandalous secrets and her conscience which is marred with the blood in her hands. Intensely political at its every nook and corner, the season is enjoyable but not like the pilot due to occasional predictive events, absent in the previous season that carefully kept the suspense alive with the surprise twists in several episodes.
As the father tries to garner alliances in the war of wit against the daughter, ethics take a backseat while ambition reigns supreme. Pawns are wiped in the game of chess within the Gaikwad clan while kings and queens make their move towards power. As Amey seeks the help of the sadistically money obsessed criminal, Jagan, the ruthless businessman in Ramnik Bhai targets the daughter, thwarting her honest attempts in advancing the state she represented.
The seekers of truth are prevented from revealing catastrophic secrets through methods, cruel and calculated. Shifting to politics, Wasim Khan aka 'Encounter' Wasim, realizes that he is still a cop at heart while politics might prove a frightening hindrance to his social duties. Pursuing his career in politics, he thus keeps his sleuthing alive, which leads him to darker motives masked behind layers of polish threatening to wipe the targeted few at the cost of the naive many. The episodes are fast paced and the compactness impressive, yet the suspense of the former season seemed to be undeniably amiss in the successor.
Directed by Nagesh Kukunoor, this political thriller have twists that take the breath away but its predictive narrative might squeeze some dislikes from the critics though the primary theme as composed by Kukunoor and Rohit Banawlikar is gripping to the end with secondary events perfectly blending with the main. Crisp screenplay by Banwalikar and Kukunoor ensures diplomatic ambience to prevail as does the opening score with the grimly rhythmic yet evilly appealing music by Tapas Relia, keeping the essence of politics musically trimmed as required.
Priya Bapat is magnificent as the firmly gracious Poornima and Eijaz Khan proves to be the equally apt and fittest choice as 'Encounter' Wasim, having a bravely confident heart that harbours a sensitive spirit. While the manipulative Ramnik Bhai is played well by Shishir Sharma, so does Sachin Pilgaonkar in his characterization of the villaneously opportunistic yet naturally insecured political careerist, Jagdish Gurav. However, the sober demeanour of Atul Kulkarni in his portraiture of the charismatic yet sinister Amey steals the show. But two noticeable others deserve special mention, Adinath Kothare as the naively focused Mahesh Arawale being the one. The other is the surprisingly jovial Shriyam Bhagnani playing the wealthy but far from being the pampered daughter in the Mehta household who choose to lead a noble cause without seeking the selfish comfort that her father offers. The character of Tania Mehta evolves in her brilliant of hues and Bhagnani excels in portraying the character that ignores her wealthy inheritance and flabby physique while showcasing her inner beauty and devoted efforts.
The web series, which is currently playing in Disney+ Hotstar, is recommended for the lovers of drama and thrill.
Sunday, October 17, 2021
The black shades of Fargo!
Possibly the thrillingly darkest seasons of Prime that will be remembered for its consistently black themes. Be it the sadistic murderer of Season 1 with a trail of murders that lures the weak or the ambitious fugitive couple of Season 2 drawn between the rivalry of syndicates or the feuding siblings of Season 3 tearing every character apart or the family war between crime empires of Season 4 that maintains the tradition of bloodshed of organised crime, each season is horrifyingly gripping. Each episode is chillingly crafted to keep the suspense running while the cliffhanger moments of some of the seasons provide foods for contemplations.
The pilots start with some seemingly trivial incident, sometimes violent in perspective of how episodes of ordinary series starts, but soon each turns to something bigger and more violent, due to the human interference, a very natural yet naturally error prone element of the pulsating world, which is realistically showcased with the grim eventualities that might automatically result. So the assassin, set loose, appears horrific as he strikes at the slightest provocation but when his influence converts the ordinary to commit murder, there the matter turns terribly frightening. Then there is the salon employer and her butcher husband trying to cover up the accident and following that, a murder, only to draw the police and a crime family on their trail. Nature and paranormal also finds place as tornados, UFO and ghost sightings occur at some critical places while The Almighty defines the path to clear the deadlock situations. Sibling rivalry is explored that turns too violent with double murders with the apparently callous brother trying a faster method to obtain a prized stamp of the collection that made his elder richer. Then there is the war for the turfs between crime lords, that, thanks to some offshoot sinister and psychotic interferences, becomes a murderous struggle for power that decapitates the members of hierarchy and defines organised crime in their ruthlessness.
Based chiefly on black themes, made intense by use of extended dialogues, the sudden turn of events keep the suspense intact. Some seasons overlap in characters and instances but these remain minor with regards to the main plot and serves, albeit unduly, to give a background to the characters and instances portrayed in the seasons spanning 10 episodes each excepting the 4th that has 11.
Billy Bob Thornton in his portraiture of the sadistic assassin, Ewan McGregor in his double role of both the dim witted brother and his opportunistic elder that breathes relief and enhances the pace, Kirsten Dunst as the ambitious wife who convinces the husband who is butcher by profession but simpler at heart played by Jesse Plemons and last but not the least, Chris Rock in his uncharacteristic portrayal of the rational mobster head, the casting and the acting are both perfect.
Created by Noah Hawley who served as one of the directors, the other directors include Keith Gordon, Dana Gonzales, Dearbhla Walsh, Randall Einhorn, Colin Bucksey, Scott Winant, Matt Shakman, Sylvain White, John Cameron, Michael Upendahl, Adam Arkin, Jeffrey Reiner and Mike Barker. Though the episodes are grim but the series is recommended for the unique experience, which is primarily melancholy yet satisfying.
Sunday, September 12, 2021
The Panchayat
Celebrating the ordinary life of ordinary people in a very ordinary village, sweetness prevails as this series soothes the mood with lighter shades of reality. Brightly attired with simplicity all around, the series is a joyride through the interesting anecdotes that dotes the ordinary lifestyle. Varied sentiments of the human mind might never have been presented so perfectly with comic reliefs embedded at precise places. The pilot episode starts with the concept that develops into delightful themes with characters being introduced with their diverse shades as the series progresses. As the freshly graduated young man, Abhishek Tripathi is unable to be better placed than being Panchayat secretary in the village of Phullera, he reluctantly accepts it with the sole target of utilizing another year for studying for entrance to management institutes that might be his only chance to escape his apparent ordeal. But life is not that easy, it appears. Whenever Abhishek plans something for his studies, he only seems to invite confusions. Thus, his attempt to establish a continuous light connection gets thwarted as villagers deliberates whether the same light might be suitable for the area near the alleged haunted tree that is feared by every locale. Another time, a comfortable chair, ordered by Abhishek for easing his strains while sitting the whole day and studying at night, becomes the matter of specific concern to a village elder who feels threatened by this symbolic superiority. Interestingly, these criticalities posed by the simple minded villagers are solved by them only through their simple thinking blended by typical politics that leaves both parties not too unhappy. Again, Abhishek tastes the essence of life as the bitterest of aquintances turns saviour in the time of need and staunchest of ally emerge from seemingly uninterested parties. Through the unaccustomed eyes of the urban middle class, the elite and the commoners of the rustic ambience are seen in their unsophisticated elegance. The village values and ethics of the educated have been correctly contrasted as perspectives are analysed and characters reveal their finer shades.
Directed by Deepak Kumar Mishra, the series portrays the rustic motherland in her truest of selves. Jitendra Kumar as the naive Abhishek Tripathi bewildered by the rules of Phulwa is apt choice for the frustrating engineering graduate trying hard to get into management school amid his responsibilities for which he starts to have a bit of enthusiasm. Raghubir Yadav as the ex-Sarpanch with the attitude of the chair, even without it, is natural to say the least and radiates intelligence of the chief who is political but supportive. Nina Gupta as the elected Sarpanch but for the greater part housewife to the ex head of village is lady with a character that catches the eyes immediately. Gupta and Yadav plays the role of the elderly couple and balances each other perfectly with their expressions that exhibits matured brains of leaders and caring hearts of guardians. Chandan Ray as Abhishek's assistant, Vikas and Faisal Malik as the Deputy Sarpanch, Prahlad Pandey excels in their supporting roles and synch with the main cast meritoriously. The series can be termed as a classic and this Amazon Original is a must watch for the audience with a vintage taste.
Humility and humour intersperse in this comedy of human drama and is a beautiful rendering of the finer human sentiments with a coarse camouflage, designed to attract the attention readily and will be highly recommended for almost everybody.
Sunday, July 18, 2021
Goliath and how to slay the demons
Billy Bob Thornton stars as the coolest brained foul mouthed big hearted lawyer with whom his peers in the field would be happy to keep a distance with if they happen to be his opponent. Watching the drama interspersed with a season of Fargo, in which he is cast in a villain avatar, it was not the only reason that Thornton appeared here as blissfully refreshing to me but this is surely one of his critically appealing performances till date.
Playing the part of once a giant, now turned shadow of his former self, Thornton as Billy bloody McBride spends the greater part of his time between the bar and his residence, when not meeting his scanty volume of clients with a willingness that borders indifference. But life as he got used to it, was going to take a roller coaster turn as he is hooked by Patty Solais-Papagian, a lesser lawyer with a greater ambition, in a case of his lifetime against a weapon manufacturer, represented by none other than McBride-Cooperman, the firm that he helped build but later left due to a personally traumatic episode. With wife estranged and still a partner in McBride-Cooperman and a daughter whose love for her parents gets thwarted by their relations, life was not so easy sailing for Billy already. But this case of challenging the Goliath in the law business swept everything aside. With the power of money and influence weighing heavily against him and Patty, his only hope lay in the justice which also seemed to look askance at quite a few occasions. Evidences are disqualified and witnesses dismissed in season 1, till Billy is trapped to call to stand his arch rival, the veteran with a twisted mind that looked forward for such a sort of bout to obliterate anybody that stand against his pride in this legal drama as the series intensifies. Donald Cooperman holds a grudge against Billy and remains his arch rival with a passion that is greatly perverse and is dutifully portrayed with necessary details by William Hurt that ensures the character is hated but never ignored.
Season 2 finds a more devastated Billy embroiled in a ring of cartel, politics and amour. With a familiar face getting murdered and another innocent destined for the gallows, the desperation for justice gets complicated by involvement of agents of the federal machinery with their distractions of various levels. Frustration runs supreme as the wealthy throws in their influence and the vicious their determined snipers who will stop at nothing to silence their targets. Beliefs are shattered while deceptions dominate that drives Billy to be trapped in the path of treachery. Clearly the best of seasons so far which will tax the emotions as when it seems justice prevails, but it will be partly so with delay that will cost innocent lives. Also, the hand of justice will seem a bit less fast as the verdicts are overruled by violence. Realistic to its core with the poetic touch of fictions, the season spells tragedy as it unmask the true Goliath of our times. There will be losses for Billy that include parts of his memory, but the lessons might teach him and Patty to hold a firmer grip over their instincts.
Memories will return as will some old enemies in season 3 as Billy battles a Goliath with evidence that is complicated to obtain. Fighting water theft in a drought ridden society, the leverage over the liquid sows the seeds of corruption favouring the economy of the riches without a conscience. Twists await while the folds of conspiracy unfurl, revealing surprises for the legal duo of Billy and Patty whose life also seems to be stabilised by some blessed turn of events.
A superb series that climaxes at each season with a cliffhanger but the beauty of the writings designed by Jonathan Shapiro, D E Kelley, Ben Myers, Noelle Valdivia, Tony Saltzman, Marisa Wegrzyn, Jennifer Ames, Steve Turner, Andrew Matisziw makes each theme standalone. The necessity of completion might be required for its absolute clarification, but without it, each season will still be satisfyingly refreshing. There is a rumour for season 4, mainly because season 3 classically concludes with a blend of fright and fresh start, but the critically biased audience will have something to contemplate over without a follow up nevertheless.
Created by David E Kelley and Jonathan Shapiro, the plots are gripping and intense.
The direction of Lawrence Trilling with Dennie Gordon, Alik Sakharov, Anthony Hemingway, Bill D'Elia ensures continuity of perspective amidst the variety of storylines weaving each event within already established fabric.
Radiating his characteristic charm amidst the roughest of situations, Billy Bob Thornton infuses optimism and hope to the deprived as Billy McBride who is practical yet emotionally foolish at times, following ethics that transcends standards but justifies the heart.
Applauds for her effortless performance as Patty Solais-Papagian, the equally foul mouthed partner of Billy McBride, it is Nina Arianda that breathes relief to the show by her impulsive, awkward loquacity. She gets inside the skin of Patty and capably characterizes the firm yet funny sidekick. She is irritatingly sceptical but humane at the same time. The character as well as the actor will be my personal favourite and is the true spirit of the show. Being the effervescent bundle of action called Patty, the frankly natural Arianda effuses spontaneity that uplifts the mood considerably. She proves to be the right partner to Billy with her contrasting attitude of life that is addictive as well as enthusiastic.
Streaming in Prime, this Amazon Original is a must watch for the critical minds in need of entertainment!
Wednesday, June 30, 2021
মাস্ক নিয়ে মশকরা নয়
Monday, June 28, 2021
পাপ.....কার?
কালিমালিপ্ত ইতিহাসের কিছু অন্ধকার পাতা নিয়ে গল্পের শুরু। চৌধুরীদের বাড়িতে দিনগুলো হওয়ার কথা ছিল আনন্দের। চারিদিকে উৎসবের মেজাজ লোকজনের মধ্যে। শারদ প্রভাতের স্নিগ্ধ পরিবেশে মায়ের আগমন হয়েছে। বাড়ির বড় ও মেজ ছেলেদের পুরো পরিবার বিদেশ থেকে আসছে প্রতিবারের মতো। বাকি ছেলেমেয়েরা কলকাতা থেকে আসবে। এতদিনকার পুরনো পুজো সম্প্রচার করতে টিভি চ্যানেল থেকে একটি দল এসে থাকছে। প্রতিবেশীদের আসা-যাওয়াও তার সাথে চলছে। মানে সব মিলিয়ে এক জমজমাট ব্যাপার বাড়িতে।
কিন্তু তখনই ঘটল এক অঘটন। বাড়ির বহুদিনকার ঠাকুরমশাই হলেন খুন। মুখের মধ্যে পাওয়া গেল এক চিরকুট, তাতে লেখা, ‘সূচিপত্র’। এক অমঙ্গলের আশঙ্কা দানা বেধে উঠল চৌধুরীদের বাড়িতে। এরমধ্যে সেখানে উপস্থিত এক অনাহুত অতিথি। পুরনো আশ্রিতা, পরে বিতাড়িতা, তারপর হিন্দি চলচ্চিত্র জগতের নর্তকী, পার্বণী ওরফে রুবিনা। সে হঠাৎ ফিরে এলো কি জন্যে? সে জানায় তার কাছে কি একটা সম্পত্তি আছে চৌধুরী পরিবারের। কিন্তু সে বাড়ির বেশিরভাগ সদস্যই তাকে বিশ্বাস করে না। কেউ বিচলিত হয়ে পড়ে তো কেউ ভীত, আবার কেউ বিরক্ত। স্পষ্টতই চক্ষুশূল এই মেয়েটিকে কিন্তু বাড়িছাড়া করতে পারে না কেউ কারণ নিয়ম অনুযায়ী চৌধুরীদের বাড়িতে দুর্গাপুজোয় কেউ এসে পড়লে তাকে থাকতে দিতে হবে। এদিকে ঠাকুরমশাইয়ের খুনের তদন্তের দায়িত্বপ্রাপ্ত দারোগা মনোজিত হালদার হানা দেয় চৌধুরীদের বাড়িতে। এর মধ্যেই ঘটে যায় দ্বিতীয় খুন। বাড়ির চতুর্থ সন্তান, স্কিৎসোফ্রেনিয়ার রুগি, ছোট ছেলে, ছোটনকে মৃত অবস্থায় পাওয়া যায় বাড়ির পিছনের পুকুড়পাড়ে। আবার মুখে কাগজ। তবে এবার লেখাটা অন্য। মনোজিত হালদারের কথায় কেউ যেন খুনের উপন্যাস লিখছে। বাড়ির সদস্যদের গ্রামের মধ্যেই নজরবন্দী করে পুলিশ। কিন্তু খুনগুলো করল কে? কার এই প্রতিহিংসা? কেন?
জবাব পেতে দেখে নিতে হবে পাপ। টানটান উত্তেজনায় ভরা ধারাবাহিকটি দেখার জন্য হইচই খুলতে হবে। কিছু ঘটনার গণ্ডগোল চোখে পড়লেও মোটের উপর ধারাবাহিকটি চলে যাবে। দুর্গাপুজোটা বাদ দিলে বোধহয় সুবিধে হত কারণ বাড়িতে অপঘাত ঘটে গেলে কি করে পুজো চালানোর মানসিকতাটা থাকে, আন্দাজ করা বেশ মুশকিলের। এরকম ছোটোখাটো ত্রুটি দর্শক যদি মার্জনা করতে পারে তাহলে ধারাবাহিকটি খারাপ লাগবে না। ভীষনভাবে প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের জন্য ধারাবাহিকটিতে মনোজিত দারোগার চরিত্রে রাহুল ব্যানার্জী অনবদ্য। নিঃসন্দেহে ধারাবাহিকটির সেরা অভিনেতার স্থানটি দখল করবেন। রহস্যে ঘেরা দমবন্ধ পরিবেশে রাহুলের প্রবেশ দর্শকদের যেন খানিকটা স্বস্তি দেয়। নরমে গরমে কখনও সে মজার, কখনও নির্মম। অতীত ঘটনার দৃশ্যে কিশোরচরিত্রগুলিতে যারা অভিনয় করেছে, সবাই চরিত্রগুলির বিশেষত্ব ফুটিয়ে তুলতে সবদিক দিয়ে সফল। মানসিক রুগি, সহজে বিচলিত হয়ে ওঠা ছোটনের চরিত্রে সাহেব ভট্টাচার্য ত্রুটিহীন। অনুপম হাড়ি, জয়দীপ মুখার্জীর পরিচালনায় গতিময় এই সিরিজটি পরের দিকে একটু বেশি তাড়াহুড়ো করলেও কাহিনী মূল বিষয় থেকে সরে যায়নি কখনও। সিরিজটি ২০১৯ সালে শুরু করলেও সমাপ্ত হলো ২০২১ সালে। অপেক্ষাটা কিন্তু একটু বেশি হয়ে গেল! তবে প্রত্যাশাটা সেই তুলনায় খুব বাড়িয়ে না রাখাটাই বাঞ্ছনীয়। অতীত, বর্তমানের মধ্যে আলোকচিত্রের তারতম্য, অন্দরমহল, বাইরের দৃশ্যপটের চিত্রগ্রহণের ভারসাম্য রাখার কাজে প্রসেনজিৎ চৌধুরীর অবদান স্বীকার করতেই হবে। প্রসেনজিৎবাবু যেমন পুরনো দিনের স্মৃতি দেখাতে সাদাকালো দৃশ্যের অনাবশ্যক রীতি না মেনেও দৃশ্যের কাল বোঝাতে সফল তেমনি আলোর দক্ষ ব্যবহার করেছেন রহস্যে ঘেরা কিছু পরিবেশ তৈরী করতে। রোমাঞ্চকর, বাহুল্যবর্জিত, গতিময় এই সিরিজটি সেরা না হলেও সমসাময়িক, সমগোত্রীয় ধারাবাহিকগুলোর তুলনায় খানিকটা আলাদা।
Thursday, June 24, 2021
Mirzapur, a sinful saga of betrayals!
After watching Gangs of Wasseypur, it appeared that I’ve seen it all. Treachery, betrayal, blood and gore, and evil had seemed to be depicted in their darkest. But a glimpse at Mirzapur proved me wrong. Vengeance reveals to reach a new low as fear unleashes its reins. Ethics appear to take a backseat, relations are forgotten as crime unfolds its fiendish hues. The series streaming in Prime, this chillingly crafted Amazon Original is a tale soaked in sin.
Akhandanand Tripathi gets his name of Kaleen Bhaiya from his carpet business and uses his trade as a front to his criminal activities. Dealing in drugs and arms and advised by his father, the previous don, Satyanand Tripathi, he continues a reign of terror, keeping the local constabulary in his payroll. Instilling fear in the heart of those who try to disobey him, his private army of bodyguards is led by Maqbool, the loyal and fearless henchman of the patriarchal family since the time of his father. But things go awry as the dangerously impulsive and short-sighted Munna, son of Akhandanand, and aspiring to be the next don before his time comes, accidentally kills a groom on his way to his wedding. Enter Ramakant Pandit, the courageous lawyer who tries to bring down Munna with this opportunity! But as it happens, with a curious twist of fate, the incident triggers a fight with Munna and his horde with the Pandit siblings, Guddu and Babloo, resulting in them being offered places in the Tripathi crime family as Akhandanand was impressed by their brave stand driving Munna furious with this apparently uncalled for injustice. Babloo's brain and Guddu's muscle gives impetus to the business and they are given control of the katta business. As violence reaches a peak, a Senior Superintendent of Police, Maurya, is deputed to Mirzapur. As he tries to control the crime, Babloo and Guddu improvises. But again matter takes a drastic turn as Guddu woos Sweety, Superintendent of Police, Parshuram Gupta's daughter, on whom Munna also had eyes on. The sobre Babloo also strikes up a fond acquaintance with her studious sister, Golu and assists her in her rallies in college elections, much to the chagrin of Munna, the other contestant.
The Tripathi household harbours scandalous secrets with Satyanand indulging in debauchery as did Beena, wife of Akhandanand. These also create surprise twists in the series with fate playing peculiar roles. Lust also features in Munna who is indifferent at hiding it.
Guddu becomes ambitious and takes decision of his own, kindling tension with Kaleen Bhaiya to whom, just like his father, blood is always thicker than sweat. The opportunity is harvested by Munna who poisons the ears of his father and misleads Maqbool to misunderstand Guddu in thinking he has become rogue. Satyanand gives his nod and Munna goes for the kill.
Another past victim of clan favouritism of Tripathis enters the picture with a grievance. The disgruntled soldier of Tripathi crime family fled Mirzapur after his attempt to take down the head went awry. He rose to individual infamy in neighbouring Jaunpur, eventually becoming the don but still aspiring for the throne of Mirzapur. State politics favours the crime lords as leaders wet their beaks for their own good. The power-obsessed Akhandanand eyes for the ministry as Munna eyes for his chair.
Matter gets out of control as season#1 ends with irreparable damages in the lives of Guddu and Golu. The season#2 witnesses a patient and composed Guddu striking up a surprise ally with a thoroughly transformed Golu set upon a determined trail of avenging their losses.
Pankaj Tripathi as Akhandanand will be remembered for a long time with his cold smile and composed looks. Instilling fear in the minds of the audience with his measured remarks, his sneers as he rebukes his son will add to the contrasting humour in the character as will be his subtle body language that conveys deeper meanings laced in apprehensions. Ali Faizal establishes his forte as he transforms the character and looks of Guddu Pandit from the brawny muscleman in the premier season to the determined strategist in the following. The signature of this character is emphasized by sudden yet calculated actions that more than compensates for economy in speech. Balance is struck with the able harmony of Shweta Tripathi Sharma whose character transformation from the carefree student to the committed avenger in Golu deserves more than a mere praise and will be my favourite character in the series. Divyendu Sharma as the lecherous, ambitious, ruthless, immoral Munna is chillingly terrifying with his characteristic jibes that heralds doom and chaos and is frighteningly consistent that must be appreciated. Rasika Dugal as Beena, wife to Akhandanand, plays her role as the lady of the house to perfection with a commanding attitude. Silently manipulative for the sake of the life whom she holds dear, she strikes balance in the patriarchal ambience and is quick with enticing opportunity with a cruelty borne out of desperation and disgrace. Last but evidently not the least is Vikrant Massey as the smart and quick witted Babloo, deserving more than a simple applause as he dominates the screen in presence of giants in his fields with his naive smile that hides the critical mind, guiding and standing by his dear ones with the loyal heart of a friend and brother. This might be the only character who will derive sympathy from the audience albeit being no less evil in actions.
The cinematography of Sanjay Kapoor highlights each character in their appropriate shades as does he darken and illuminate scenes as situations demand. Karan Anshuman, Gurmeet Singh and Mihir Desai crafts each season carefully to keep the thrill constant and the tension uncompromised. The released season#1 and season#2 are directed following theme on struggle for power and lust for vengeance yet the former is superior in essence but the latter is essential for salvation. The title track composed by John Stewart Eduri and music direction by Anand Bhaskar adds another dimension to the theme that is sure to give shivers down the spine. Cusswords abound, the script by Krishna brothers, Puneet and Vineet along with Karan Anshuman is trimmed to perfection and served in style.
Dices are rolled while power changes hands, killing becomes the order while violence the norm, the series is a saga of revenge and betrayal etched in blood. Not recommended for those with a chaste heart, Mirzapur will thrill the audience with guilty pleasure, but will be a reminder of the coarser shades of reality!
Monday, June 21, 2021
একেনবাবু একমেবাদ্বিতীয়ম!
Thursday, June 17, 2021
Being The Family Man!
Monday, June 14, 2021
Elementary, what else could it be!
I've seen a few episodes of Sherlock, tolerated Robert Downey Jr in the avatar, even fewer Jeremy Brait episodes, a single, as far as I remember, Jonathan Pryce acted adaptation, a few films with Basil Rathbone as the private investigator and the only with Ian McCellan donning the coat of the detective as he ages while losing memory simultaneously but when I watched Elementary with Jonny Lee Miller leading, it then and there eclipsed the others.
There had always been attempts to revise legendary detectives according to era maybe to satisfy the need of the generations. But is also maybe the case if the actual period is difficult to portray as often we have to conceptualize a period by imagination based on documented facts. This might be a bit difficult and error prone as living in an age and showcasing it is one thing but portraying an entirely different era is another. Though I am very much conservative in this respect and would have otherwise shown a scornful attitude to Holmes using electronic gadgets, but a few episodes of Elementary educated me otherwise. Actually, I realized once again that when the fundamentals remain the same, the ornamentations are just trivial.
So, if Sherlock Holmes uses cell phones, carrys the laptop between rooms, searches the cyber space for intelligence, hooks to various channels for information, installs a host of surveillance cameras for securing premises, all is acceptable as the intellectual in the character is never compromised.
Well, Holmes is here shown as a polymath, and sometimes he seems to be a superman of sorts in knowledge as well as skills, but given the legend status of the character, this excess may be forgiven for the series.
Coming to his character evolution, Morland Holmes, the very rich father of Mycroft, the older and Sherlock, appoints a sober companion for the younger sibling as he recovers from his addiction to drugs while consulting NYPD at the same time. Here comes the very interesting twist for the avid Holmes readers. The sober companion is revealed to be Dr Joan Watson. Yes, you read it right, it is Joan and not John. But this simple gender flip gives the Holmes Watson dynamics an entirely new dimension. The female companion turned apprentice turned detective in Watson actually reveals a newer side of Holmes himself. But considering the character itself, it really shows a more natural Watson than what had been our general conceptions till now. Being from the medical profession and being a practitioner, Watson ought to have some training on investigations, be it for diagnosing diseases. Thus, if the mentor in Holmes could have channelized the skill to detection of crime, Watson ought to have picked that up gradually. This is a direction that the original creator might not have considered. But Robert Doherty does and this allows Watson to flourish in her own intellect, distinctly different yet satisfyingly complimentary to that of Holmes. But this adds another feather to the cap of Holmes, who is found to be a sharp observer of talent and possesses the ability of mentoring that. True, it is never mentioned that Watson shows signs of investigative ability due to her previous qualifications but seems to have that skill inherent to her. Thus it becomes a show as much for Holmes as much it is for Watson. The one time consultant to Scotland Yard, offers his skill to NYPD and promotes his one time companion to a standalone colleague simultaneously. Lucy Liu excels in the role and her Joan Watson portraiture is sure to be remembered for ages to come. Never before the apparent sidekick character had been so gracefully competitive with the super sleuth. Maintaining her own individuality yet accompanying her one time subject turned colleague, the character is the much needed wise, less boisterous, naive, polite, soothing counterbalance to the wiser, outspoken, less friendly, apparently rude, informal partner. The bond that is shared and the relation that is developed will remain as the very interesting yet enjoyable parallel story of the series. The bond is so natural, yet so sublime, that it could only remain beautifully undefined till some climactic future.
Once again coming to the character of Holmes himself, he can be termed as simply outstanding! Intellect personified, his uncompromising stance in uncovering the truth makes him distinctly uncommon yet he remains surprisingly common in several aspects. Exhibiting the natural social introvert in him, his love-hate relationship with his supposedly dear ones keeps him not so distinct from others. As his life of the apparent social hermit threatens to a culmination due to Watson entering his routine, he remains terribly disappointed yet tries to derive the best in the situation thus presented. His passions are his neural faculties and this is revealed to be the primary cause of his accepting rehabilitation attempts from his addictions, which is surprisingly uncommon to the natural irrationality of the emotional human but the same rational person has his sentiments turn blind as he encounters Sebastian Moran, the henchman to his nemesis Moriarty and also as 'the woman', Irene Adler, is met during the beginning of his youth. Humanity prevails in other instances too, when the crime solver in Holmes demystifies the dangerous crimes but comes to terms with the perception of law as he overlooks perpetrators when the victims seemed dangerous still. Knowing the truth and hiding it seems less risky when his near ones are at bay. This is portrayed in one classic case where incriminating yet false evidence puts Watson in dire straits while the truth uncovered by Holmes threatens to unmask a vigilante whose justified revenge eliminates a crooked killer. How he deals with the situation remains both a twist in the series and reveals the soul ready to sacrifice anything for the person he befriends. He is both unmercifully direct when confronting evils as he defines them but is hesitantly apologetic when he is humbled at rare instances.
Thus Elementary is not only the adventures of Holmes and Watson as we expect it but it defines life as a deliberation between the wisest and Watson like lesser yet significant mortals.
Jonny Lee Miller outshines as Sherlock Holmes in the electronic age avatar and maintains the true essence of the legend in the major aspects but is more liberal in the personal traits.
Of the recurring characters, notable mention must be made of Detective Marcus Bell, who is coupled to Holmes Watson in their cases assisting NYPD. Possessing the skill of a true detective, Bell is initially reluctant of taking the help of the duo but finally turns to be their most trusted acquaintance. Helping each other in trying and life threatening circumstances, their bond develops deeper as the series matures. Besides his detective acumen helping the cases, he also supervises over Holmes and Watson to ensure their tendencies of bending the rule to collect evidences remain within limits. Their interactions, especially the ones between Bell and Holmes give some of the most enjoyably emotional moments of the series. Jon Michael Hill is natural in the role and is both the strict policeman as well as the understanding friend.
The next notable character will be none other than Captain Thomas Gregson of the 11th Precinct of the NYPD. Aidan Quinn flawlessly portrays the character of the supremely responsible supervising authority, the loving father and the firm interrogator and will be my personal favourite while choosing the supporting roles. His voice, his attitude and his impeccable style of handling persons of various statures keep him distinctly revered but for a slip in his character at a later stage in his career. But this seems to be balanced by the immense risk he takes while single handedly attempting to follow a lead towards some committed league of assassins.
Then comes the soberly charismatic Morland Holmes whose presence in the screen sometimes, though not often enough, justifiably overshadows Holmes himself. Filthily rich, as felt by Sherlock, his relation with his younger son remained a bitter sweet tale of fight and forgiveness. Apparently ruthlessly careless about the ill consequences of his trade, Morland is selflessly sacrificial when it comes to the son who had never been terribly dear. No other actor could've been more properly casted than John Noble whose magnanimity in appearance and magnificence in performance gives the coldly cruel touch that this character demands for its complexity to be maintained throughout.
Balancing this, is the soothing mother daughter relation of Joan with Mary Watson, which, albeit less complicated, yet remains practical and resolved. Extremely free willed, she tries to dominate over Joan initially. But as she begins to appreciate logic, through her gradually failing memory, their relation maintains mutual respect. Freda Feh Shen seemed again the correct choice for the character whose firm and frank simplicity mirrors in her daughter but yet individuality prevails by the varied proportion of the traits in the dominating elder.
The list of prominent characters won't be complete without mentioning Kitty Winters, whose tragic past and chance meeting with Holmes started her apprenticeship on detection by the teacher in Holmes who also taught her defensive martial tactics for her safety and security. She also became good at espionage and was once tried on Watson herself. With a traumatized past but with a determined heart, her vengeance drove her to commit offense but Holmes, sharing her mutual trust and his own understanding of justice helped her in her escape. Ophelia Lovibond connects with this character so well as to become synonymous with her and will be my personal favourite with her portraiture of determined, intelligent, arrogantly beautiful, fiercely stubborn yet unquestionably loyal Kitty Winters, a protegee that reflected her master in his several youthful impulsive aspects.
The elder in age and in wisdom, Mycroft Holmes was introduced as a master chef and a restaurateur but before long he becomes central in interest as well as activities. Starting on the wrong foot, early from their youthful days, the siblings were bitterly critical yet overly protective of each other. Secrecy prevails with Mycroft as is predictable and remains the forte of this character till its completion. Rhys Ifans plays this enigmatic character to perfection with a charisma that adds to the magic while posing a finer check to a host of traits in his maturing brother.
Before going any further on its better side, let me tell about the flip side of the series too. Personally speaking, I was disappointed on a couple of instances. The primary may be due to my addiction to the series that seemed a bit too hasty in its finale that was dramatic yet seemed lacking some vigour. But the other disappointment was regarding the character of Alfredo Llamosa who seemed to be hurriedly scripted out of the series. It is quite true that both the character and the series didn't leave any previous questions unanswered but both their quickened pace of closure raised a few.
Returning again towards its praiseworthy novelties, the series introduced some interesting transformations that fascinated me. Not only was Watson, Gregson, Mycroft redefined but some more characters and events themselves were each metamorphosed in such a novel way as to add a sudden element of surprise to something so essentially predictive in traditional Sherlock Holmes adventures. Chief among them is obviously Moriarty, Irene Adler having awesome character tweaks to say the least but characters like Hudson, Lestrade also features with similar essence to preserve the heritage. Infact the use of the letter M in naming characters with subtle hints of being Moriarty seems to be designed rather than accidental. Thus, new viewers, if there is anybody left, may genuinely be wary in the episodes any of them features. Well, the best in naming seemed to be the infamous Reichenbach Falls and this particular title features in obviously a most significant episode leading to the finale. Never before these words had held a simpler yet climactic meaning.
Elementary also gets its fair share of humour laced dialogues and events and thus investigations that would have otherwise turned to a monotony of analytical reasoning gets a respite with these comic refreshing instances.
Opening score by Sean Callery is another attraction of the series with its intense rhythm and signature notes that seems to resonate in style with the genre.
Highly recommended for the Holmes fans, Elementary unfolds the analytical genius with attitude who stands apart amidst the ordinary with his more than ordinary intellect, acute observational skills, a mind with unwavering focus, with an avid interest in apiculture, a bartistu specialist, having a keen insight in human psychology, a good man, a good friend, evolved in the electronic age, a mentor to the gifted, the greatest grandest master of deductions!
Saturday, January 23, 2021
A treatise on herd immunity
The concept of herd immunity has recently taken the world at its stride and has garnered hopes in the masses about a possible relief devoid of medicines, vaccines to counter the COVID19 dread that has turned from a threat to a fearful reality where the social life of human has been disrupted, not to mention of the general health insecurity.
But, however much my heart would wish to rely on the herd immunity concept, the brain would just not listen! It requires proof, evidence and if that is not available, step by step logical reasoning. This and some other factors motivated me to briefly understand the concept and how it fares in the combat against COVID19.
Now, the term, herd immunity refers to the indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection [1].
Trying to understand it more clearly, consider a virus infected person standing in the centre of a circular room with all doors and windows closed. Now, surrounding the person are others who are either never infected with the same virus or if infected, have recovered. Now, those who have recovered, if they surround the infected person, will have the chance of getting contaminated by the transmission agent of the virus, droplets in the case of COVID19, but, if the antibodies developed in these persons are still retained, will make the virus inactive. So, this human shield will be enough to prevent the infection to spread to the other non-infected persons. Thus immunity is developed in the population inside that particular room. Immunity developed in this way is thus called 'population immunity'[1] which means the same. But the only note of caution is that the shield remains in position till the virus is eliminated from the system of the infected person completely.
Now, please understand, if the persons who are acting as a shield had been vaccinated to develop the antibodies, the result would be the same. So the main idea behind the herd immunity is to develop enough antibody filled humans around infected persons so that they shield the other vulnerable (who have yet to develop antibodies) persons to get infected.
So, the problem boils down to finding this number of humans, or more correctly the proportion of humans, that constitute earlier mentioned cleverly camouflaged insertion, 'enough', in the preceding paragraph. Clearly, this will be based on how many persons, an infected person can transmit the disease to. The more this number is, the more will be the number of humans required for the shield. This is obvious as if a virus is non-transmittable, you will require no person to act as shield. But if it can be easily transmitted from person to person, an infected person will required to be guarded on all sides by shields to keep the transmission at check. This is called the basic reproduction number (R0) and it varies with each new virus and each new setting of the human civilization that modifies its characteristics. Actually it measures the transmission potential of a viral infection. R0 is the number of cases that may occur in a homogenous population as a result of infection by a single individual, when
- the population is susceptible to the disease
- before widespread immunity develops
- before immunization drive is attempted
Now, R0 is estimated following a mathematical model and lots of inputs[2].
R0 is affected by:
- the proportion of susceptible people at the start and the density of the population;
- the infectiousness of the organism;
- the rate of disappearance of cases by recovery or death, the first of which depends on the time for which an individual is infective;[2]
R0 < 1 means the chance of transmission is going to reduce. If R0 = 0.5 and there are 10 infected persons, they have the potential to infect 5 persons, who in turn can infect 2.5 persons (on the average of course, you can't infect selective parts of a person, keeping the remaining parts uninfected), who in turn will infect fewer still, leading to a single individual who will most probably cannot infect anybody and thus the infection vanishes.
R0 = 1 means each person, infected, will infect exactly 1 person and the infection will not stop but will be maintained at a constant rate.
R0 > 1 is pandemic situation! Each infected person will infect multiple others!
But what about the threshold size of the shield which will bar this transmission to spread?
Obviously, this will increase with R0 for any specific case. Actually it is given by
P = 1 - 1/R0[3], where
P: threshold above which the population must be immuned to achieve herd immunity.
Thus,
R0 = 0.5 gives P = -1, interpreted as nobody is required to act as shield, you need to give the poor virus some shield to get itself protected from infected entities. This goes for any 0 < R0 < 1.
R0 = 1 gives P = 0, interpreted as above without the concern about the virus.
R0 = 2 gives P = 0.5, meaning 50% of the population must be immunized to save the other 50% susceptible populace.
If R0 is 4, P climbs to 75%.
This must be noted that P actually increases exponentially with R0.
But here comes the twist!
The basic reproduction number is defined when there was no immunity and only a single infection. When immunity is developed in a populace, R0 must change dynamically. Actually, R0 doesn't change but the transmission is indeed affected by the change in the immunized population. This is specified as the effective reproduction number, Re, given by
Re = R0(1 - Pi)[2], where
Pi: immunized populace
But, though it is a twist, it is more common sense (and science) than anything as, without going to the principles behind it, the mathematics is pretty simple to understand.
For 100% population with no immunity, if the average number of persons to whom the virus can be transmitted by a single infected individual be R0 at start,
then when it starts to develop immunity and by that can immune Pi part of the population, then the population with no immunity is reduced from 100% to 100(1 - Pi)%, effectively making the average for the same virus to be R0(1 - Pi).
Thus, hopefully, it is obvious now that
Re ≤ R0.
Our aim will be to make it < 1 for harmful viruses by making Pi as high as possible.
How can this be achieved?
These can be done in the following 2 ways:
- By vaccines, which are biological information injected into the human body, without the intention of making the body sick, but mimic the virus so that the body develops antibodies to fight it. Once developed, the antibodies will be ready to counter the virus, if they get inside the system in future. But some vaccines have a life span, after which it needs to be given a boost by another dose after a definite period.
- By developing immunity by directly fighting off the virus, once infected. Here, not only there is the chance of getting sick, but dying also. Thus a part of the population is getting immuned after they are infected and recovered by developing the antibodies in their bodies. Those, who cannot recover will die and will reduce the size of the population but the others will develop immunity to achieve herd immunity. But this immunity will remain till the antibodies persist due to the natural virus and it will be solely controlled by the nature of the virus and the human physiology. There will be no man-made information passed to the system which is deterministic to certain extent so that the recovered person is certain how long the immunity might be sustained.
Thus, in each case Pi are subjected to a process of immunization so that (1 - Pi) remains safe without being subjected to anything adverse.
Also, in either case the period of immunity needs to be determined for a full proof combat.
In these 3 aspects, where does COVID19 lie?
In the question of determining R0, it is reported as 2.0 - 5.9[4-7].
This gives Pi = 50.0% to 83.1% ensuring safety of remaining 50.0% and 16.9% population respectively.
Now, coming to the final query of period of immunity in each case, the vaccinated cases will be deterministic and could be monitored while the natural process will not only be its opposite to say the least and more difficult to monitor but will also be unethical as we are going to sacrifice human beings for the sake of other human beings without the least responsibility for them without the guarantee of ascertaining the period of immunity to the herd. In the extreme case where risking is the only choice, I personally find no reason whatsoever for risking at least 50.0% of the population and thus the majority of the herd. Vaccine might give rise to adverse effects, infact if I am adversely affected, I will spontaneously respond adversely to this article, but logically it will be incorrect to completely depend on herd immunity by getting sick or allowing other persons to get sick.
Infact organizations like the authorities on public health, WHO "supports achieving 'herd immunity' through vaccination, not by allowing a disease to spread through any segment of the population, as this would result in unnecessary cases and deaths[8]", authority on world science, Nature discusses herd immunity "as a desirable result of wide-scale vaccination programmes[9]". Anything else might not only cost life but will have long-lasting medical and financial consequences, emphasizes the article[9]. Authorities on medical practices, John Hopkins University insists "herd immunity against COVID-19 will not be achieved at a population level in 2020, barring a public health catastrophe[10]".
National Geographic says that based on mathematics, experiences with outbreaks and emerging evidence in the ongoing one, the claim of herd immunity is just a fantasy[11]. It also adds that vaccines can only do that if they have at least 75% efficacy.
But the only silver lining is the effect of heterogeneity (non-uniformity in terms of age, mobility, social activity, disease susceptibility) in the population which might favourably[12, 13] bring down the Pi to a large extent. Infact, this might be the effect that we are seeing and not natural herd immunity by getting infected in several countries where the numbers are gradually declining. But remember, as dynamic parameters like age and activity are closely linked with heterogeneity, it might drastically change with time. But this might be utilized advantageously, as I am understanding while writing, if we induce heterogeneity in our social circles by maintaining a planned activity throughout the day as our social and professional circles permit and we must insist on these for a healthy living.
A cavaet might be in order, as being faced with a barely 1.5 years old officially recorded virus and a 0.1 year old emergency released battery of vaccines, I am questioning a method of immunity that might already have produced effects.
The benefit of wearing a mask and sanitization by washing hands and objects shared by many at frequent intervals have taught us that for combating virus, with droplet mode of transmission, this is a feasible method. So, it must be our primary mode of sustaining life and celebrating it so that man-made or natural methods of immunization will only be required as a complimentary to maintaining basic hygiene for preventing spread of infections.
Disclaimer: This is about the concept according to my interpretation, it is not peer reviewed, it can be very well discarded, readers are requested to hurl criticism and point at the flaws that they may find but the basic intent is to learn about the thing in a logical way. The article may very well be considered biased but would like a more unbiased reader to educate otherwise.
Ref: [1] Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19, accessed 19.1.21
[2] “When will it be over?”: An introduction to viral reproduction numbers, R0 and Re, accessed 20.1.21
[3] “Herd Immunity”: A Rough Guide, accessed 22.1.21
[4] Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination, accessed 22.1.21
[5] The reproduction number of COVID-19 and its correlation with public health interventions, accessed 22.1.21
[6] Herd Immunity and Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Control, accessed 22.1.21
[7] Global convergence of COVID-19 basic reproduction number and estimation from early-time SIR dynamics, accessed 22.1.21
[8] Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19, accessed 24.1.21
[9] The false promise of herd immunity for COVID-19, accessed 24.1.21
[10] EARLY HERD IMMUNITY AGAINST COVID-19: A DANGEROUS MISCONCEPTION, accessed 24.1.21
[11] A 'herd mentality' can’t stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Neither can a weak vaccine., accessed 24.1.21
[12] A mathematical model reveals the influence of population heterogeneity on herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2, 24.1.21
[13] Individual variation in susceptibility or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 lowers the herd immunity threshold, accessed 24.1.21